4.非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。现在分词表示的动作和句子的主语之间是主动关系，过去分词表示的动作和句子的主语间是被动关系。

e.g. Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。

5.非谓语动词也有否定结构和时态/语态。非谓语动词的否定结构是在它们前面加not来 构成。

e.g. They decide not to go.他们决定不去。

Tom’s not passing the exam made his father very angry.汤姆考试没有及格，这令他父亲非常生气。

Having finished the work he went home.干完活后他回家了。(分词having finished发生在went前)

B.例题讲解

1) a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree. (统考用书模拟题3)

A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming

解析：四个选项中只有A才是能够做主语的动词不定式，故选A.

2)If I had remembered the window, the thief would not have got in.(统考用书模拟3)

A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed

解析：此题A，B用上再语法上都正确，但意思不一样。用A，表示“如果我记住关窗，小 偷就进来不了”(实际是没有关窗，小偷进了门);用B，表示“记住关了窗”，与后面句子意思矛盾，故只能选A。

3)I don’t know why she avoids her opinion on the subject. (统考用书模拟题3)

A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being given

解析：关键词时”avoid”，这个词属于后面之能用动名词作宾语的动词，故只能选C。

4)Air pollution , this city is still a good place to live in. (统考用书模拟题2)

A. being greatly reduced B. greatly being reduced

C. to greatly reduce D. greatly to reduce

解析：选A，使“Air pollution being greatly reduced,” 成为一个独立主格结构，“air” 与分词 “being reduced” 是被动关系。