细节题

细节题在阅读中出题的频率较高，主要考查考生对文章细节的掌握。

1. 出题特点

根据题干有无关键词，细节题可分为普通细节型和which型(题干中不一定有which)，常见字眼有true/ not true/ except/ according to.../ why.../ because...等。

2. 解题技巧

(1)阅读题干，确定题干问的是什么，定位关键词。

(2)利用关键词浏览原文，在原文中定位相关信息。

(3)比对选项和原文，选出与原文一致的一个。

注意：

(1)若题干中没有关键词(主要是TRUE和NOT TRUE类)，需阅读各选项，在选项中定位关键词，再一一回原文定位信息。

(2)选项往往不是原文的直接截取，而是对原文的同义转述，所以一定要注意把握原文本质，善于借助相关同根词及同义词。

知识精练

The fact that there are plastic antiques comes as a shock to most people. How can a material that seems so essentially twentieth century, and one that is so much associated with cheap, disposable products, have a history at all? It is a young technology, and a great part of the fun of collecting plastics is that beautiful pieces of historical interest can still be found very cheap.

Q: Which of the following groups of adjectives best concludes the characteristics of plastics?

A. Inexpensive, convenient and historic.

B. Disposable, rare and interesting.

C. Inexpensive, convenient and disposable.

D. Rare, beautiful and unbreakable.

【答案】C。解析：细节题。题干：下列哪组形容词最好地归纳了塑料的特点?根据关键词定位原则。题干的关键词为groups of adjectives和plastics(文中多个描述plastic的形容词)定位到第二句How can a material that seems so essentially twentieth century, and one that is so much associated with cheap, disposable products, have a history at all?可以得知，塑料是便宜的，方便的，一次性的，A项historic，根据段意可知，塑料的历史并不悠久，故排除;B和D项都提到rare，即塑料很稀有，根据段意可知，塑料并不稀有，故排除。故选C。

主旨题

1. 出题特点

主旨题的考查频率也比较高，主要就文章标题、文章大意进行提问，题干中常见mainly talk about/best title等字眼。

2. 解题技巧

(1)抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以贯穿各段中心句进行总结;

(2)抓住文章逻辑线索，理清发展脉络。作者往往会采取举例、比较、分类、归纳等不同方法来组织文章;

(3)把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向;

(4)注意高频率出现的单词或多次出现的同一类词，这些词可能就是蕴含中心思想的关键词。

Ø 知识精练

People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven’t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.

Q: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?

A. Some people like steak and other red meat.

B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.

C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.

D. Different people have different tastes in food.

【答案】D。解析：主旨题。这段文章的第一句就是主题句，确切地表明了本段的中心思想，即：人们对食物有不同的口味。因此D为正确答案。

含义题

1. 出题特点

含义题主要考查词义猜测题和句意理解题，其中词义猜测题考查居多，题干中常见the underlined word / phrase possibly mean / closest in meaning to等字眼。

2. 解题技巧

(1)回原文阅读原句。根据题干提示，找出原文对应语句。

(2)将选项代入原文。四个选项依次代入，结合语境做猜测，进行判断。

*另：除了常规的代入法外，

a. 标点符号法——冒号、破折号、括号，后面经常有关于前面内容的解释。

b. 逻辑关系法。利用结构猜词法：并列平行结构;比较结构;因果关系;转折关系;指代关系。

c. 词根、词缀法。如根据表示否定的前缀后缀，或词根含义进行猜测。

知识精练

From industrial beginnings in the nineteenth century, plastics have struggled through a hundred and twenty years of glory, failure, disrepute, and suspicion on the slow road to public acceptance. Now at last, one can positively say that plastics are appreciated and enjoyed for what they are; that they make modern life richer, more comfortable and convenient, and also more fun. Plastics are warm materials, sympathetic to the human touch, and their transformation into things that come into contact with human beings is entirely appropriate.

Q: The word “sympathetic” in the last sentence of the second paragraph is closest to ______.

A. favorable B. pitiable C. easy D. harmless

【答案】A。解析：词义猜测题。题干：第二段最后一句话中的sympathetic与下列哪个单词意思最为接近?“sympathetic”这个单词一般情况下被理解成“表示同情的”，但是这篇文章主要讨论塑料的作用，与情感无关，所以首先排除B项。“Plastics are warm materials, sympathetic to the human touch”，本句中前提是“塑料是暖性材料”，只有A项才符合这个前提。故选A。

推断题

推断题本质就是细节题，主要考查考生对细节信息的延伸、推理和概括能力。

1. 出题特点

推断题题干中常含有learn from/ infer/ illustrate/ conclude/ imply等字眼，主要考查细节推断、文章出处推断以及后续内容推断。

2. 解题技巧

细节推断：

(1)根据题干或选项关键词回原文定位，根据关键词附近信息进行推断;

(2)结合排除法，排除与原文信息不一致、原文没有提到以及含有绝对词的选项;

(3)先验证和文章主旨最接近的选项，正确选项一般和文章的主旨相关。

出处推断：

(1)读题。明确是对文章出处还是对作者进行推断;

(2)回原文。通过文体进行初步判断。

新闻、社评：纸质新闻媒体、或网络媒体、电视媒体

专业性话题文章：专业杂志

广告、产品说明、邀请函、信件等实用类文体：格式特殊，易辨认

(3)分析选项。从选项倒推，在原文中试着找依据，作出判断。

知识精练

As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids (眼睑) and the sun hurts their eyes. The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.

Q: According to the author, fish are most likely to be found ______.

A. in deep water on sunny days

B. in deep water on cloudy days

C. in shallow water under sunlight

D. in shallow water under waterside trees

【答案】D。解析：推断题。该题需根据选项关键词回文定位。根据A、B项中的deep water定位至所给段落第五句That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water.可知，鱼喜欢在浅水里，不喜欢在深水里，故排除A、B两项，与文意相悖。根据C、D选项中的shallow water定位至所给段落倒数第二、三句water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids (眼睑) and the sun hurts their eyes.可知，鱼喜欢待在阴凉处，不喜欢待在阳光直射的地方，故排除C项。D项，水边树下的浅水处是鱼喜欢待的地方，故此处更有可能发现鱼。故选D，与定位句表述一致。

态度题

态度题主要考查对文章作者的态度判断。大致分为三类：支持与赞同、中立与客观、反对与批评。

1. 出题特点

态度题主要就文章作者或者文中某一人物的态度、观点进行提问，题干中含有attitude/ tone/ mood等字眼。

2. 解题技巧

(1)浏览主题法。按照主旨题的做题方法，获取文章主旨，结合主旨判断作者的态度;

(2)词汇判断法。当作者的态度没有明确提出时，考生要学会根据作者的行文语调及使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者态度，如文章用词明快，出现很多积极类词汇，如opportunity, wonderful(ly), successful(ly)等，则作者的态度很可能是正面的;反之，如果出现很多反面词汇，如unfortunate(ly), go against, disadvantages, negative(ly)等，则作者的态度很可能是反面的。

知识精练

If these alternative plans prompt doctors and hospitals to lower prices, “then that is worth taking a closer look,” says Sabrina Corlette, a research professor at Georgetown University’s Health Policy Institute. “But if it’s simply another flavor of shifting more risk to employees, I don’t think in the long term, that’s going to bend the cost curve.”

Q: What is Sabrina Corlette’s attitude towards the new insurance plans?

A. Neutral B. Positive

C. Negative D. Not mentioned

【答案】A。解析：态度题。根据题干中的人名Sabrina Corlette可知是问文中人物的态度，根据句中but转折词承接上下文，由此可知她从两方面分析新医保计划，即：如果这些替代方案促使医生和医院降低价格，她认为就值得进一步研究;但如果这只是把更多风险转移给员工的另一种方式，则从长期来看，并不会改变成本曲线。由此可推断她是辨证地看待这个问题的，故持中立的态度，选择A选项neutral“中立的”。