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The Nobel Prizes are awards that are given each year for special things that people or groups of people have achieved. They are awarded in six __41__: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace and economics.

The prizes come from __42__ that was created by the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. He wanted to use some of his money to help make the world a __43__ place to live in.

Many organizations, chosen by Alfred Nobel himself, __44__ who receives the prizes. Each award __45__ a gold medal, a diploma and a lot of money. Prizes can only be given to __46__ of all races, countries and religions. Only the Peace Prize can __47__ be given to a group.

The first Nobel Prizes were handed out __48__ December 10, 1901 — five years after Alfred Nobel’s death. Nobel was a chemist, engineer and inventor __49__ most famous invention, dynamite (炸药), made him a __50__ man. Although he gave the world such a __51__ weapon, Nobel was always against wars and __52__. He therefore left a lot of money that was to go to those who did a lot for the peace of __53__.

Officials at first handed out only five prizes a year. The prize for economics was first awarded in 1969. In some __54__ prizes were not awarded because there were no __55__ candidates.

All prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, with the exception of the Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway.

41. A. regions  B. parts  C. classes  D. areas

42. A. a scholarship B. a bond C. an investment D. a fund

43. A. better B. cleaner C. larger D. richer

44. A. determine B. declare C. announce D. conclude

45. A. refers to B. makes up C. consists of D. focuses on

46. A. institutions B. organizations C. individuals D. singles

47. A. still B. yet C. ever D. also

48. A. at B. on C. by D. in

49. A. whose B. who C. whom D. that

50. A. serious B. humorous C. smart D. rich

51. A. magic B. strange C. deadly D. mysterious

52. A. confusion B. violence C. jealousy D. hatred

53. A. mind B. races C. mankind D. regions

54. A. time B. years C. times D. year

55. A. worthy B. valuable C. worthwhile D. invaluable